What is diastema?

Diastema refers to a gap or space between two teeth, which is most commonly observed between the upper front teeth. However, gaps can occur between any two teeth. Understanding diastema is essential not only for cosmetic reasons but also for dental health considerations.

Several factors can contribute to the development of gaps between teeth, each with its own set of underlying causes:

Genetics: The spacing of your teeth can often be attributed to hereditary traits, much like the colour of your eyes or hair. Just as you might inherit your mother’s smile or your father’s eye colour, the natural spacing of your teeth can also be passed down through generations.

Gum disease: This is a significant factor in the formation of gaps. Inflamed gums, a symptom of gum disease, can weaken the tissues and bones that support teeth. Over time, this weakening can cause teeth to loosen and drift apart, creating noticeable gaps.

Mismatch between jaw size and teeth size: Sometimes, the architecture of your mouth can lead to spacing issues. If your jawbone is disproportionately large compared to your teeth, or if your teeth are unusually small, you might notice spaces developing between your teeth. This mismatch can affect how teeth align and space out over time.

Habits: Certain repetitive actions, especially in childhood, can influence tooth alignment and spacing. For example, thumb sucking is a common habit that exerts forward pressure on the teeth, often leading to the front teeth pulling away from each other. Similarly, prolonged use of a pacifier can have comparable effects.

Improper swallowing reflex: Also known as tongue thrusting, this condition involves the tongue pressing too firmly against the teeth while swallowing. Over time, this constant pressure can push the teeth outward, leading to gaps. This reflex is often seen in conjunction with other habits like prolonged thumb sucking.

Understanding these factors is crucial not only for identifying the cause of diastema but also for determining the most effective treatment approach. Each cause may suggest a different treatment strategy, ranging from orthodontic interventions to more targeted therapies like changing swallowing techniques or addressing gum health.